Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 7789-00-6 |
Chemical Name | Potassium chromate |
Substance ID | m-nite-7789-00-6_v1 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | To Guidance List |
UN GHS document (External link) | To UN GHS document |
FAQ(GHS classification results by the Japanese Government) | To FAQ |
List of Information Sources (Excel file) | List of Information Sources |
List of Definitions/Abbreviations | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Sample Label by MHLW (External link) | To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW) |
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link) | To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | To OECD/eChemPortal (External link) |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
2 | Flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
3 | Aerosols | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
7 | Flammable solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on December 2014)). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on December 2014)). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on December 2014)). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Because data of water solubility 62.9 g/100 cc (20 deg C) (HSDB (Access on December 2014)) were obtained, it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen). Because it is a chromate, it is estimated to be oxidizing, but the classification is not possible due to no data. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | It is an inorganic compound. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
17 | Desensitized explosives | - |
- |
- | - | - | - | - |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 3 |
Danger |
H301 | P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501 |
Based on a report of an LD50 value of 180 mg/kg for mice (HSDB (Access on December 2014)), it was classified in Category 3. Since a new information source (HSDB (Access on December 2014)) was added, the category was revised. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H314 | P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501 |
As acute effects on humans, it is reported that application of this substance to the skin resulted in sloughing and necrosis of the skin (ATSDR (2012)). Additionally, there is a report that ulcers and scars were observed by exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance in an occupational exposure report (ATSDR (2012)). Moreover, although it is not a concrete test report, there are many reports that hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance were corrosive (EU-RAR (2005), DFG vol. 3 (1992), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). From the above result, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "Xi; R38" by EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Irrit. 2 H315" by EU CLP classification. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H318 | P305+P351+P338 P280 P310 |
Since it was classified in Category 1 in skin corrosion/irritation, it was classified in Category 1 according to GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. Besides, this substance was classified in "Xi; R36" by EU DSD classification, and in "Eye Irrit. 2 H319" by EU CLP classification. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Category 1 |
Danger |
H334 | P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501 |
The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2. Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that chromium compounds caused asthma (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
4 | Skin sensitization | Category 1 |
Warning |
H317 | P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501 |
Chromium compounds including this substance were classified in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014)). Although this substance was not listed in this classification, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent or trivalent compounds in the OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989). In addition, although it is not information limited to this substance, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds were sensitizing to the skin (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Moreover, there is a report that sensitization was observed in a human patch test with hexavalent chromium compounds (ATSDR (2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R43" by EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Sens. 1 H317" by EU CLP classification. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H340 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
As for in vivo, there were some negative results but mostly positive data in micronucleus tests with mice and hamsters, and it was positive in a sister chromatid exchange test and a mouse peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA damage test, and it was negative in an unscheduled DNA synthesis test with rat hepatocytes (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)). As for in vitro, it was positive in a bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration tests with cultured mammalian cells and cultured human cells (ATSDR (2012), IARC 49 (1990)). From the above findings and since this substance is water-soluble Cr (VI), it was classified in Category 1B. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 1A |
Danger |
H350 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
Since it was classified in Group 1 (as chromium (VI)) by IARC (IARC (1990)), in A1 (as chromium VI compound) by ACGIH (ACGIH (2001)), as K (as hexavalent chromium compound) by NTP (NTP RoC (2014)), and in 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (1989)), it was classified in Category 1A. Besides, it was classified in 2 by EU (EU (Access on Dec. 2014)). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H360 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
In a teratogenicity test with rats by the oral route (drinking water), although there were no descriptions of maternal toxicity, reproductive and developmental effects (pre- and post-implantation embryonic loss, increased fetal resorption, increased dead fetuses, reduced fetal weight, visceral malformations (dilation of the renal pelvis) and skeletal malformations (incomplete ossification of skull bone)) were observed (ATSDR (2012)). Additionally, in a developmental toxicity test with mice dosed by the oral route (drinking water) during pregnancy and lactation, a delay in vaginal opening was observed in female pups, decreases in the numbers of pregnancy, of implantations and of viable fetuses were observed when the female offspring were mated at age 60 days with untreated males. No developmental effects were observed in the male offspring (ATSDR (2012)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1B. In addition, chromium and its compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (provisional) (correspond to Category 2) in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2014) by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH). However, because the classification of Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits was in a provisional period, it was not adopted. |
FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, blood system, liver, kidney) |
Danger |
H370 | P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 |
As for human data for this substance, there were only cases by dermal applications and no data for the inhalation route nor the oral route. As for a datum in 1920, in a case of 12 individuals who died of skin infection due to skin necrosis that was caused by dermal application of salves made up with this substance used to treat scabies, skin burns, vomiting and renal failure were observed. Autopsies revealed fatty degeneration of the heart, hyperemia and necrosis of the kidney tubules, and hyperemia of the gastric mucosa. Moreover, in this case, in addition to the findings of hemolytic anemia, severe leukocytosis was observed. Also, it was reported that acute nephritis with albuminuria, oliguria and polyuria were found, and hyperemia and tubular necrosis in the kidney were observed on autopsy of dead individuals (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). There are no data of this substance on experimental animals. There are reports that respiratory tract irritation, respiratory tract inflammation, nose and chest pain, cough, dyspnea, cyanosis and kidney damage were observed by human inhalation exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds, that vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, liver necrosis and renal tubular necrosis in the kidney were observed by human oral exposure, and that severe respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hepatic, renal, and neurological effects were reported in accidental or intentional human ingestion at high-doses (ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 78 (2013), EHC 61 (1988), EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012)). Data on this substance were all by dermal application to the human skin. However, this substance is a hexavalent chromium compound, and it was considered possible to use the toxicity findings of hexavalent chromium compounds for classification of this substance. The findings of the gastrointestinal tract were not adopted as effects of local irritation. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, kidney). |
FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs) |
Danger |
H372 | P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
There are descriptions that the main toxic effects developing in humans repeatedly exposed by inhalation to hexavalent water-soluble chromium via dusts or an aqueous solution of sodium salts or potassium salts of chromic acid or dichromic acid including this substance were effects on the respiratory organs such as ulceration and perforations of the nasal septum, inflammation of the respiratory tract, emphysema, lung fibrosis and chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy (EU-RAR (2005), CICAD 78 (2013)). As for experimental animals, there is a report that after administration by gavage of this substance to rats at 13.5 mg Cr/kg/day for 20 days, accumulations of lipids in the liver, and changes and localization of liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, etc.) were observed at the dose corresponding to category 2 (equivalent to 11.2 mg/kg/day), based on the converted guidance value for this substance (ATSDR (2013)). In addition, both in a 9-week dietary administration test of potassium dichromate, another hexavalent chromium compound, to rats or mice (EU-RAR (2005)) and in a 90-day administration test in which sodium dichromate dihydrate was dosed to rats and mice in drinking water (CICAD 78 (2013)), no effects on the liver were observed. Moreover, there was no description of liver damage as effects of repeated exposure to chromium compounds in humans (ATSDR (2013)). Therefore, the above liver effects on rats were not used for classification. From the above, because it was considered appropriate to evaluate this substance as a hexavalent chromium compound, this substance was also classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs). |
FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) | Category 1 |
Warning |
H400 | P273 P391 P501 |
It was classified in Category 1 from 48-hour EC50 = 0.18 mg/L for crustacea (a kind of Daphnia) (EU-RAR, 2005). | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) | Category 1 |
Warning |
H410 | P273 P391 P501 |
Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. It was classified in Category 1 due to unknown environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound, and 48-hour EC50 = 0.18 mg/L for crustacea (a kind of Daphnia) (EU-RAR, 2005). |
FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. | FY2014 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0)) |
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