NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	78-67-1
Chemical Name	2,2'-Azobisisobutyronitrile
Substance ID	m-nite-78-67-1_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties, not containing oxygen (neighboring nitrogen atoms), but the classification is not possible due to no data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Type C	Danger	H242	P370+P378 P210 P234 P235 P240 P280 P403 P411 P420 P501	There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (neighboring nitrogen atoms). Because it is classified as self-reactive solid Type C (temperature controlled), Division 4.1, no PG (UN 3234) in UNRTDG, it was classified in Type C.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid (melting point <= 140 deg C) substances are not available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	As for LD50 values for rats, there are three reports of 50-670 mg/kg (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)), 100 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)), and 100 mg/kg (SIDS (2002)). Two values correspond to Category 3, and one value corresponds to Category 2 or Category 4, therefore, it was classified in Category 3 to which the most data correspond.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a reported LD50 value of > 5,010 mg/kg (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)) for rabbits, it was classified as "Not classified." The category was revised by adding information.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a reported LC50 value (4 hours) for rats of > 12 mg/L (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 3 Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2004), SIDS (2002)), it was classified as "Not classified." Besides, because the test substance is a solid, a reference value for dust was applied. The category was revised by adding information.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	There is a description that in the skin irritation test (OECD TG 404), as a result of a 4-hour semi-occlusive application of 500 mg of this substance to rabbits, no irritation was observed (SIDS (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Other than this, there is a report that no irritation was observed in a 24-hour application test with rabbits, and it is described in two reports of skin irritation tests with guinea pigs (application time is unknown) that no irritation was observed or that slight irritation was observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Since no irritation was observed in the test according to the test guidelines, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	There is a report that in the eye irritation test (OECD TG 405) with rabbits, as a result of an application of 100 mg of this substance, no irritation was observed (SIDS (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Other than this, there is a report that no irritation was observed in a 24-hour application test with rabbits and there is a description that a slight irritation of the conjunctiva was observed in another eye irritation test with rabbits (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Since no irritation was observed in the test according to the test guidelines, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Not classified	- -	-	-	There is a report that in the maximization test (OECD TG 406) with guinea pigs, no sensitization was observed (SIDS (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). In addition, there is a report that as a result of a patch test in 358 persons who handled the synthetic resin and adhesive, it was negative for this substance in all the cases (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)), in a patch test in 173 patients with occupational skin disease, it was judged not to be a skin sensitizing substance (SIDS (2002)). From the above, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. There are no in vivo data, and as for in vitro, a bacterial reverse mutation test and a mammalian cell chromosome aberration test were negative (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), JECDB (Access on November 2015), SIDS (2002)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Since there are no classification results by other organizations, classification was not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There is no information on reproductive effect in humans. As for experimental animals, in a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test (OECD TG 422) with rats, 3 cases (3/12) of maternal animals shirked nursing at 50 mg/kg/day, and in 2 cases among them, all the newborn babies died within four days after birth. Born babies in the same group had no abnormity except a low value of body weight, this was also considered to be due to the effects of maternal toxicity (such as decreased body weight gain, effects on the liver) (SIDS (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), JECDB (Access on November 2015)). Accordingly, no direct adverse effect on fertility and the growth of offspring within four days after birth was detected from the dose of this substance in this study, but it could not be classified as "Not Classified" only by this result because it is a screening test. Other than this, there are no useful data for classification, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" for this hazard class. Besides, in the previous classification, it was classified in Category 2 because abnormal nursing behavior of the maternal animals and deaths of the newborn babies at 50 mg/kg/day were regarded as reproductive and developmental toxicity for the same data, but this time, by adopting the view in SIDS (2002) that these are related to the general toxicity effects in maternal animals, and NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 50 mg/kg/day (SIDS (2002)), the above findings were not included in evidence of the classification.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 3 (narcotic effects)	Danger Warning	H370 H336	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	As for humans, headaches, dizziness, salivation, nausea, vomiting, and disturbance of the sense of balance are reported in a case of workers who were exposed to this substance used as a blowing agent in a synthetic resin manufacturing facility (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). As for experimental animals, there are the following reports: a decrease in locomotor activity, ataxia, tremor, convulsions, loss of consciousness, congestion of brain, and lesions of the liver, lung, kidney, and stomach were seen in an oral dose (50-670 mg/kg, corresponding to Category 1) in rats (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)); narcotic effects, somnolence, and ataxia were observed in an oral dose (100mg/kg, corresponding Category 1) in rats (SIDS (2002)); and in inhalation exposure (> 12 mg/L, exceeding Category 2) in rats, deep respiration was seen, and slight atrophy of the thymus medulla and hyaline droplets in a renal tubule were found in the autopsy performed two weeks later (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Congestion of the brain, lesions of the liver, lung, kidney, and stomach, slight atrophy of the thymus medulla, and hyaline droplets in the renal tubules reported in experimental animals were not adopted for the classification since details were unknown. From the above, because this substance has effects on the central nervous system and narcotic effects, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 3 (narcotic effects).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 2 (liver)	Warning	H373	P260 P314 P501	As for humans, there is a report that central nervous system lesions such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and sleeping disorder were observed in a case of occupational exposure to this substance (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). These findings are considered to be acute effects. As for experimental animals, in a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test with rats, in the group of males and females dosed at 50 mg/kg/day converted guidance value: male: 23.3 mg/kg/day, female: 28.9 mg/kg/day which is within the range of Category 2, decreased body weight gain, decreased food consumption, an increase or an increased tendency in weight of the liver, centrilobular hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, and salivation in males, increases in platelet and white blood cell count, increases in total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus, and decreases in the A/G ratio and chlorine were observed, and in females, an increased tendency in the weight of the kidney, and a death (one case) were observed (JECDB (Access on November 2015), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), SIDS (2002)). In a 90-day feeding toxicity test with dogs, in the group of males and females dosed at 300 ppm (male: 97.2 mg/kg/day, female: 94.2 mg/kg/day) which is within the range of Category 2, an increase of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic bodies in the liver cells, an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in relative liver weight were observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Besides, in the test with rats, in the group of males dosed at 2 mg/kg/day which is within the range of Category 1, eosinophilic bodies, basophilic renal tubules, and granular casts in the kidney were observed, but these were not adopted as evidence of the classification because they are findings specific to male rats. From the above, in experimental animals, effects on the liver were observed within the range of Category 2. Therefore, it was classified in Category 2 (liver).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Not classified	- -	-	-	From 72-hour ErC50 > 7.8 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1996), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)), 48-hour EC50 > 10 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1996), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), SIDS, 2002), and 96-hour LC50 > 10 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1996), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), SIDS, 2002), it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable (a degradation rate by 28-day BOD = 0%, non-biodegradable (Official Bulletin of Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 1992)), 72-hour NOEC (r) = 2.2 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (SIDS, 2002), and 21-day NOEC (reproduction) = 2.2 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1996), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004), Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable, and 96-hour LC50 > 10 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1996), Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), SIDS, 2002). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

To GHS Information