NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	8006-64-2
Chemical Name	Turpentine oil
Substance ID	m-nite-8006-64-2_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Category 3	Warning	H226	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	A flash point is 30-46 deg C (closed cup) (ICSC (J) (2002)). Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PGIII in UNRTDG (UN 1299).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 220 deg C (GESTIS (Access on September 2017)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a reported LD50 value of 5,760 mg/kg for rats (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), it was classified as "Not classified." It was classified in Category 2 in the previous classification based on the report of human lethal doses of 210-1,260 mg/kg, however, since the LD50 value for rats was used as the rationale according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government, the category was changed.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	There is no information on an LD50 value, but there is a report of 5,010 mg/kg as the LDLo value for rabbits (Chem ID (Access on November 2017)), and the LD50 value is considered to be larger than this value. Therefore, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 3	Danger	H331	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P311 P321 P405 P501	There are 3 reports of LC50 values for rats of 3,590 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 1,795 ppm) in a one-hour inhalation exposure test (ACGIH (7th, 2003)); 13.7 mg/L (2,466 ppm) in a 4-hour inhalation exposure test (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)); and 2,150 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 2,633 ppm) in a 6-hour inhalation exposure test (ACGIH (7th, 2003)). Two cases correspond to Category 3, and one case corresponds to Category 4. By adopting the category with a larger number of cases, it was classified in Category 3. Besides, a reference value in the units of ppm was applied as vapour with little mist because the exposure concentrations were lower than 90% of the saturated vapour pressure concentration (4,950 ppm).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2	Warning	H315	P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321	Based on a description that this substance is irritating to the skin in humans (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2003), PATTY (6th, 2012)), a description that in a skin irritation test with rabbits, ulcers were caused on shaved skin after an application of this substance, and irritation was observed (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), and a description that after an application of 75% and 100% solutions of this substance to mouse skin, all 10 animals developed ulceration on the skin surface (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), it was classified in Category 2.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	Based on a description that this substance is irritating to the eyes in humans, and may be corrosive (PATTY (6th, 2012)), it was classified in Category 2. The content of the information source was revised, and the category was changed from the previous classification.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	In the Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2017), this substance is classified as occupational skin sensitizers Group 1, therefore, it was classified in Category 1. There is a description that in an epidemiological study on occupational exposure, it was a skin sensitizer (ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)), and a description that it was positive in a maximization test with guinea pigs (DFGOT Vol. 14 (2000)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. There is no in vivo data. As for in vitro, it was negative in a bacterial reverse mutation test (NTP DB (Access on August 2017)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	A significant increase in lung cancer risk (odds ratio: 9.71, 95% CI: 1.59-56.7) was seen among workers exposed to this substance and other heating components of coniferous woods for 5 years or more, but the authors pointed out that volatile components of coniferous woods contain mixtures or complex of derivatives of abietic acid, pimaric acid, and other resin acids from woods in addition to this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2003)). As in the above, there is no reliable report on single exposure to this substance. There is no standard carcinogenicity test data for experimental animals. However, there is a report that when undiluted solution of this substance was applied to mouse skin after initiation with DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene), a promotion effect of skin tumors was observed, but in 20-50% diluted solutions of this substance, a promoter action was not observed (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), and a report that promotion of tumor growth was shown in rabbits after a dermal application of this substance, but this was not shown in mice (PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, 2003)). As for classification by other organizations, ACGIH classified it in A4 because carcinogenicity data in human and experimental animals were insufficient (ACGIH (7th, 2003)). From the above, it was classified as "Classification not possible."	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a report that as a result of inhalation exposure to the saturated vapor of this substance in pregnant rats (n=5) twice a day for 10 minutes/time on gestational day 17-21, marked symptoms (incoordination, ataxia, hyperpnea, salivation) were observed in maternal animals of the exposed group, and 22 (59%) out of 37 newborns died of central nervous system disorders and dyspnea (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2003), PATTY (6th, 2012)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)	Danger Warning	H370 H335	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	As for humans, there is a report that headaches, dizziness, nausea and tachycardia were observed due to inhalation exposure to 750-1,000 ppm of this substance for several hours (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). In addition, kidney disorders with hematuria, proteinuria, and oliguria were reported as acute toxicity symptoms due to oral ingestion of this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Furthermore, there is a report that irritation of the nose and throat was observed at or above 75 ppm in a study in which volunteers were exposed by inhalation to this substance for 3-5 minutes (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1991), ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)). As for experimental animals, there is a report that in a single inhalation exposure test with rats, ataxia, tremors, convulsions, tachypnea, decreased tidal volume, and death due to sudden apnea were observed (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)). There were no detailed descriptions of the doses at which these symptoms were observed, but it is considered that the effects were observed near the LC50 value, which was within the range for Category 1 and Category 2. Also, in a sensory irritation test with mice, a decrease in the respiratory rate due to the inhalation exposure to this substance was observed, and the RD50 value was reported as 1,173 ppm (6.5 mg/L) (ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)). From the above, it is considered that this substance affects the central nervous system and kidney, and is also irritating to the respiratory tract. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, blood system, urinary system)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	As for humans, there is a report that six workers handling alpha-pinene, the main ingredient of this substance, at a shoe cream manufacturing factory, complained of dizziness, drunkenness, erythema and burning sensation in the face and neck, itching sensation in the anal region, defecation pain, and frequent urination accompanied by pain on urination, and methemoglobinemia, swelling of the spleen, renal disorders, urethrocystitis with bladder ulcer, anal eczema, and facial/cervical dermatitis were observed (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1991)). In addition, there is a report that in interviews and pulmonary function tests on workers who were exposed to turpentine oil at a Swedish sawmill at an average air concentration of 254 mg/m3 (45 ppm) and within the concentration range of 100-550 mg/m3 (18-98 ppm), the ratio of persons complaining of pharyngeal irritation symptoms, chest tightness and coughing was higher in the exposure group, and in the pulmonary function tests, many in the exposed persons showed numerical values deviating from the normal range (a decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second, etc.) (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1991)). Other than these, inflammation of the respiratory system and kidney damage were reported (ACGIH (7th, 2003)), and it is reported that chronic inhalation causes extensive glomerulonephritis (PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, haemal system, urinary system). Since the new information source was used, the classification result was different from the previous classification.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Category 1	Danger	H304	P301+P310 P331 P405 P501	Based on a description that chemical pneumonitis with pathognomonic dyspnea, acute pulmonary edema, and cyanosis occurred in humans when this substance was aspirated into the respiratory tract by accident (ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), it was classified in Category 1. Besides, EU also classified it as "Asp. Tox. 1" (ECHA CL Inventory (Access on August 2017)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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